http://349225483.qzone.qq.com Sat, 28 Nov 2009 10:27:44 GMT Qzone zh-cn Copyright (C), 2005-2008, Tencent Tech. Co., Ltd. Sun, 30 Aug 2009 05:39:34 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1251610774 About the uncertainty, it can be a momentum for a single, but it may be a barrier of happiness for a couple ,unless both of them have the determination to bear it. When the uncertainty is transformed into certainty, things will happen smoothly. ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1251610774#comment 134218240 Sun, 30 Aug 2009 05:39:34 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1251610774 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1243076110
The debate on science has been the focus of attention of the scientific community as well as the whole society. It has been carried on worldwide with increasing concern since the twentieth century. This debate stems from our deeper reflection on science itself and the interrelationship between science, nature and society; and it reflects the interaction between the rapid development of science and technology and the development, survival and diverse cultures of mankind. In the process of creating immense material and spiritual wealth, science and technology may also result in negative impacts on society and profoundly challenge long-standing social ethics. People tend to view science from the perspective of its material achievements while overlooking its cultural implications and social values. Some unfortunate behavior exists within the scientific community, characterized, at different times, by indifference to the scientific spirit, misconduct, and a lack of social responsibility.

To create a harmonious academic environment requires regulatory frameworks, and more importantly, a correct notion of science. The Chinese Academy of Sciences is hereby making a public statement on the notion of science to guide the scientific and technical community in forming a correct scientific value system, to promote and develop a scientific spirit, to abide by scientific ethics and moral standards, and to fulfill our social responsibility.

1. The values of science

Science is a shared asset of the human race and should serve the well-being of mankind. The scientific community views the pursuit of truth and human well-being as its common goals. It dedicates itself to promoting the unrestricted development of humankind and its harmony with nature. Science concerns itself with humanity and society. This has not only enhanced the social reputation of science, but has also accelerated the progress of science itself. In today's world where scientific research has been professionalized and socialized, there is even more reason to adhere to and faithfully practice such a scientific value system.

Since the twentieth century, scientific research has been closely connected with national goals and has become a strategic requirement for ensuring a nation's fundamental interests and strengthening its international competitiveness. In this age of economic globalization and knowledge-based economy, science is an important knowledge base for the development of a nation and an important component of its overall national strength. It has become the dominating force to lead future economic and social development.

Relying on science and democracy to realize the revival of the nation has been the unremitting pursuit of the Chinese people for over one hundred years. From saving the nation through science to revitalizing the nation through science and education, we have been making clear our belief in science and the values we stand for. In our peacefully and rapidly developing country, it is the common responsibility and mission of the scientific community in general, and the core value and collective understanding of the entire staff of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in particular, to commit to the principle of innovation for the people and to take on this task of revitalizing the nation through science and education.

2. The spirit of science

Science is a unity of matter and spirit, and becomes more powerful because of its spirit. Scientific spirit is one of the most valuable components of human civilization, with its origins in the human pursuit of knowledge and truth as well as the traditions of rationalism and positivism. It is further enriched by the continuous development of scientific practice. In history, the scientific spirit has guided people in eradicating ignorance, superstition and dogmatism. Today, with the material achievements of science widely seen, the scientific spirit has a more extensive social and cultural value and has become the common and valued heritage of the entire society, enlightening the path of human development. Therefore, advocating and promoting scientific spirit is becoming ever more important.

Scientific spirit involves the persistent quest for truth. Unremittingly pursuing and safeguarding truth are essential to science. Scientific spirit is reflected in the approaches of inheriting, questioning and criticizing. Science values existing knowledge while advocating rational questioning. It requires us to be always ready to deny those conclusions that seem to be perfectly justified yet are actually based on limited knowledge; to accept views that seem to go against orthodoxies but actually connote scientific truth; to refuse to accept that there are eternally unchanged doctrines, and to hold the belief that science has limitless frontiers.

Scientific spirit involves respect for innovation. Innovation is the soul of science. Science values originality and initiative, encourages the discovery and creation of new knowledge, and promotes the creative application of knowledge. Innovation requires academic freedom and tolerance towards failure; adherence to the principle of shared equality in front of truth; as well as courage and confidence.

Scientific spirit is reflected in the use of rigorous and precise methodologies. Each inference must be subject to strict logical reasoning and objective testing before eventual acceptance by the scientific community. Anyone's research work should be subject to rigorous reviews without exception until all objections and disagreements are clarified, and should continue to be subject to subsequent testing.

Scientific spirit takes the form of a universal principle. Science as a knowledge system is universal in nature. The door of science should be open to all regardless of race, gender, nationality and religion. Scientific research should follow the review criterion of generally accepted practice, with anyone's research, statements, opinions and views subject to practical and logical tests.

3. The ethics of science

Scientific research is a creative human activity. Its healthy development can only be achieved on the basis of strict moral standards and in a harmonious environment. In its long history of practice, the rich cultural and institutional tradition of science has helped to form its self-assessment mechanisms and its moral standards. Currently, the problems associated with obtaining reputation, position and resources by misconduct have become increasingly severe. Therefore, it is an important task of the scientific community to enhance the development of scientific ethics and moral standards, so as to assure academic credibility and to safeguard the reputation of science in society.

The ethics of science include:

? Honesty and credibility. Being honest and credible is the prerequisite and foundation for ensuring the reliability of knowledge. Those in scientific professions should not tolerate any dishonest behavior. Scientific professionals must be true to facts when designing research programs, collecting and analyzing data, publishing research findings, looking for employments, and conducting scientific reviews. They should openly acknowledge mistakes and errors in their findings in an appropriate and timely manner. They must adhere to objective standards and avoid subjectivity in evaluating the accomplishments of others.
? Trust and questioning. Trust and questioning have their origins in the cumulative and progressive nature of science. The principle of trust assumes that true knowledge should be pursued with appropriate means, and attributes any mistakes in scientific research to the difficulties and complications in seeking truth. The principle of questioning requires scientists to be always on the alert for mistakes that may occur and not to rule out the possible existence of scientific misconduct.
? Mutual respect. Mutual respect is the foundation for the harmonious development of the scientific community. The principle of mutual respect places emphasis on respect for the copyright of others and on acknowledgement of and respect for the research findings and priorities of others through citations. It requires scientists to respect substantiation and refutation of their own research assumptions by others, and to treat the skepticism of others with a frank, sincere and unbiased attitude. It also requires collaborators to assume an obligation to respect each other's capability, contribution and values.
? Openness. Openness has always been stressed and practiced by the scientific community. Traditionally, the principle of openness emphasizes that only findings that have been made public can be recognized by the scientific community and can possess scientific validity. In today's world where the protection of intellectual property rights is of great importance, the scientific community places significant emphasis on safeguarding the principle of openness, aiming at advancing and promoting the sharing of public knowledge products by all.

4. The social responsibilities of scientists

Modern science and technology is penetrating and profoundly influencing all aspects of our social life. As people develop higher expectations of science, scientists will be expected to assume even greater social responsibilities.

Since the review and application of modern science and technology involves all aspects of nature and society, the outcome of socializing new findings and new technologies is often uncertain, and may lead humanity and nature into an irreversible development process. The results of scientific activities directly influence humanity itself, as well as social and environmental ethics. They require that scientific professionals must all the more consciously observe the fundamental ethics of human society, treasure and respect nature and life, and respect human value and dignity while contributing to the creation and development of a scientific ethic that is aligned with the times.

Since modern science and technology has both positive and negative impacts, and is characterized by a high degree of professionalism and specialization, scientific workers must all the more consciously avoid its negative impacts, and must accept responsibility for assessing the consequences of their work. This responsibility includes testing and assessing all the possible outcomes of their own work; should any mistakes or risks be identified in research, the work should be altered or even interrupted; and if the scientists cannot make such decisions independently, relevant research should be temporarily postponed or suspended, and the public should be warned in a timely manner.

Since the development of modern science and technology drives the future of economic and social development, scientific professionals must be keenly aware of their mission in history and their commitment to society. They must value their professional reputation, avoid placing scientific knowledge above other knowledge, avoid misuse of scientific knowledge, and avoid waste and abuse of scientific and technological resources. Scientific professionals should regulate their research behavior in keeping with social, ethical and legal aspects, and strive to enhance the public understanding of science.

In the time of reform, innovation and development, and in the historical process of the revival of the Chinese nation, we must bring into full play the power of science. This power not only comes from the physical strength of science and technology as the primary productive forces, but also from the notion of science as the spiritual strength of an advanced culture. We, the staff of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, would like to call on our colleagues in the scientific community to join us in practicing a correct notion of science, taking on the social responsibilities as a scientist, and contributing to the effort of building China into an innovative and harmonious society.
]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1243076110#comment 142606848 Sat, 23 May 2009 10:55:10 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1243076110 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1242814960
Dawning 3000 (1) In the development of computer, China produced the first generation of electronic tube computer (1958-1964), the second generation of transistor computer (1965-1972) and the third generation of middle or smallscale integrated circuit computer (1973-1980), and entered the era of ultra largescale integrated circuit computer at the beginning of the 1980s. The peak floating point operation speeds of several high performance computers are as follows: Milky Way Series Parallel Vector Supercomputer reached 13 GFlops per second (1997); Shenwei I high performance computer reached 384 Gflops (1999); Dawning 3000 Super Server reached 403.2 Gflops (2000); Legend Deepcom 1800 Linux Cluster reached 2 Tflops (2002). The peak performance of newly released Dawning 4000L Linux Cluster on Mar 14, 2003, was 3 TFlops. All these have played significant roles in Chinese weather forecast, surveys of oilfields and scientific computing. In software development, Chinese scientists developed a Temporal Logic Language (1983), Intelligent English/Chinese Translation Software (1992), High Performance Distributed Parallel Numerical Linear Algebra Software (1999) and Linux Operating System (1997 ). Chinese Information Processing System, Chinese Text Conversion System and Chinese Intelligent Interface etc have special significance for Chinese culture. Chinese laser typesetting system (1985) developed by Wang Xuan (CAS Member) brought Chinese printing industry into a new era. In communication technology, the introduction of foreign technology was incorporated in the independent development; the second generation of mobile communication GSM digital switchers developed by the three companies Datang, Huawei and Zhongxing was already put into operation at the end of the 20th century.

Dawning 3000 (2) Quantum computing and quantum communication began in recent years and showed a new direction for information science and technology, which has drawn high attention of Chinese scientists. In quantum computation, Chinese scientists have proposed the principle of quantum error avoiding codes (1997), the principle of probabilistic quantum cloning (1998) and a new kind of quantum information processor (2000). In quantum communication, Chinese scientists as co-authors published experiment reports of realizing quantum concealed state (1997). Chinese scientists have realized the importance of basic research of nanometer structure, quantum device and its integration technique and called on their colleagues and associated administrative departments to pay more attentions on it for developing next generation of computer. ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1242814960#comment 142606849 Wed, 20 May 2009 10:22:40 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1242814960 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1242733356 After century-long chaos caused by the civil war in China ended 50 years ago, political unification and real, significant independence appeared in China that we had never had in modern history, and we began to devote ourselves to economic, scientific and cultural development under planning. In the First Five-Year Plan period a complete set of preliminary modern science and technology system was roughly formed. Then the 12-Year Plan laid a foundation for the modernization of science and technology in China. Since the policy of reform and opening to the outside world was adopted, the reform of science and technology system accelerated the process of turning science and technology achievements into productivity, and the strategy of sustainable development and prospering China through science and education made the development of science and technology a national policy. The Chinese science and technology has, under the guidance of various national programs, made remarkable contributions to the national economic construction, sustainable development as well as national security.
Over the past 50 years, the development of science and technology in China has significantly changed the prosperity of Chinese society. Each basic discipline has had a comprehensive deployment and development from organization to research teams. Complete sets of industrial technologies have also been established. The technology level as a whole has basically reached that of developed countries in the 1980s. Owing to several generations’ improvement of farm crop seeds and adoption of proper cultivation techniques, 1.2 billion people can have ample food and clothing under conditions that the average amount of land per capita in China is only 1/3 of that in the world. Average life-span of the people has reached 72 years due to the development of medical science and healthcare system. A relatively complete system has been established with regard to the exploration and utilization of earth and ocean resources; the forecasting and harnessing of weather and natural disaster; and the protection and renovation of water conservancy facilities and eco-environment. The Chinese science and technology is advancing with the time, it will make new contributions to the overall construction of a comparatively well-off society in China.
Chinese scientists and engineers, working in various academic disciplines and technology fields, serve the Chinese modernization with full devotion and diligence. They have not only made significant contributions to increase Chinese economic position and enhance comprehensive state power, but also created conditions to alleviate ecological unbalance and environmental deteriorating trend for the sustainable social and economic development. The followings are some major achievements made by Chinese scientists and engineers. ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1242733356#comment 142606848 Tue, 19 May 2009 11:42:36 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1242733356 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1240824811 ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1240824811#comment 134218240 Mon, 27 Apr 2009 09:31:34 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/1240824811 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/10
湖海洗我胸襟
河山飘我影踪
云彩挥去却不去
赢得一身清风

尘沾不上心间
情牵不到此心中
来得安去也写意
人生休说苦痛

聚散匆匆莫牵挂
未记风波中英雄勇
就让浮名轻抛剑外
千山我独行不必相送 ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/10#comment 512 Sun, 20 May 2007 10:32:37 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/10 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/9
从不像驴一样地干活，因为像驴一样地干活，干出来的只能是驴活。

敌人变战友多半是为了生存，战友变敌人多半是为了金钱。

就命运是一种神秘的外在力量而言，人不能支配命运，只能支配自己对命运的态度。一个人愈是能够支配自己对于命运的态度，命运对于他的力量就愈小。

生命的秘诀就是知福、惜福、再造福。知道自己的福气，把感情分享开去再造福更多人。

20岁的时候相貌是上帝给的；30岁时一半是上帝、一半是自己给的；到40岁时是自己给的，气质、待人接物的态度便变得更重要了。

金钱为他工作的是富人，他为金钱工作的是穷人。

忙碌的人常常是思想最懒惰的人。

人生幸福三诀：第一不要拿自己的错误惩罚自己；第二不要拿别人的错误惩罚自己；第三不要拿自己的错误惩罚别人。

当你对的时候，你用不着批评别人；当你错的时候，你没有资格批评别人。

小人的“小”有五层含义：一是小人物，地位卑微；二是小看自己，自卑；三是气量小，难容人；四是心理脆弱（小），容易受伤；五是人格抗争力量小，不敢明争，只能暗斗。

把你的智慧和体力卖给出价最高的人，但永远不要给自己的灵魂和人格出价。

中文的“危机”分为两个字，一个意味着危险，另外一个意味着机会。

伟人经常犯错误，经常要摔倒，而虫子不会，因为，它们做的事情就是挖洞和爬行。

只要你努力工作，并且有智慧地工作，你就几乎可以实现你生活中的所有梦想。以生活所固有的方式去面对生活，而不要把你的意志强加在生活之上。 你希望别人怎么对待你，你就设身处地考虑如何对待别人。要生活得有乐趣，不要把生活搞得太严肃了。

输得起是一种锤炼。

能在一天里红起来的东西，也能在一天里黑下去。 ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/9#comment 512 Tue, 06 Mar 2007 09:28:18 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/9 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/7
你笑，全世界都跟着你在笑；你哭，全世界只有你一个人在哭。

如果能活上100岁，你便拥有1200个月，或5200个周，或36500个日子。不要以为时间还很长，
其实它好比花掉36500块钱所需的时间而已。

今天你如果不生活在未来，那么．明天你将生活在过去。

对过去视而不见的人，对未来将是育目的。

世上有很多事情必须他．但你不一定喜欢做，这就是责任的全部意义。

当后悔取代梦想的时候，人才会变老。

真正的浪漫是灵魂的浪漫，行为的浪漫不过是表面的波澜。

朱元璋开始是当和尚，最后成了皇帝。

一个人面对外面的世界时，需要的是窗子；一个人面对自我时，需要的是镜子。通过窗子才能看见世界的明亮，使用镜于才能看见自己的污点。其实，窗子或镜子并不重要，重要的是你的心，你的心广大，书房就大了，你的心明亮、世界就明亮了。

事情要么不做，要做就认真去做。

辛辛苦苦，过舒服日子
舒舒服服，过辛苦日于

快乐就像香水，洒在别人身上，自己总会沾上一点。

父母给你姓名，自己打造品牌。 ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/7#comment 512 Fri, 22 Dec 2006 21:19:36 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/7 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/6 水木落而石瘦崖枯，才见天地之真吾。

岁月本长而忙者自促，天地本宽而卑者自隘，风花雪月本闲而劳攘者自冗。

听静夜之钟声，唤醒梦中之梦；
观澄潭之月影，窥见身外之身。

石火光中争长竞短，几何光阴？
蜗牛角上较雌论雄，许大世界？

热不必除，而除此热恼，身常在清凉台上；
穷不可遣，而遣此穷愁，心常居安乐窝中。

孤云出岫，去留一无所系；
朗镜悬空，静躁两不相干。

水流而境无声，得处喧见寂之趣；
山高而云不碍，悟出有入无之机。

出世之道，即在涉世中，不必绝人以逃世；
了心之功，即在尽心内，不必绝欲以灰心。

此身常放在闲处，荣辱得失谁能差遣我？
此心常在安静中，是非利害谁能瞒昧我？

竹篱下忽闻犬吠鸡鸣，恍似云中世界；
芸窗中雅听蝉吟鸦噪，方知静里乾坤。

古德云；「影扫阶尘不动，月轮穿沼水无痕。」
吾儒云：「流任急境常静，花落虽频意自闲。」
人常持此意，以应事接物，身心何等自在。

宠辱不惊，闲看庭前花开花落；
去留无意，漫随天外云卷云舒。

伏久者飞必高，开先者谢独早，
知此，可以免蹭蹬之忧，可以消躁急之念。

文以拙进，道以拙成，一拙字有无限意味。
如桃源犬吠，桑间鸡鸣，何等淳庞。
至于寒潭之月，古木之鸦，工巧中便觉有衰飒气象矣。

绳锯木断，水滴石穿，学道者须加力索；
水道渠成，瓜熟蒂落，得道者一任天机。

无风花月柳，不成造化；无情欲嗜好，不成心体。
只以我转物，不以物役我，则嗜欲莫非天机，尘情即是理境矣。

人生太闲，则别念窃生；太忙，则真性不见。
故士君子不可不抱身心之忧，亦不可不耽风月之趣。

非分之福，无故之获，非造物之钓饵，即人世之机阱。
此处着眼不高，鲜不堕彼术中矣。 ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/6#comment 512 Wed, 09 Aug 2006 19:54:45 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/6 http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/5 乐处乐非真乐，苦中乐得来，才是心体之真机！

声妓晚景从良，一世之胭花无碍；
贞妇白头失守，半生之清苦俱非。
语云：「看人只看后半截。」真名言也。

文章做到极处，无有他奇，只是恰好；
人品做到极处，无有他异，只是本然。

不责人小过，不发人阴私，不念人旧恶！
三者可以养德，亦可以远害。

士君子持身不可轻，轻则物能挠我，而无悠闲镇定之趣；
用意不可重，重则我为物泥，而无潇洒活泼之机。

藏乃于拙，用晦而明，寓清于浊，以屈为伸，真涉世之一壶，藏身之三窟也。

恶忌阴，善忌阳。
故恶之显者祸浅，而隐者祸深；
善之显者功小，而隐者功大。

君子宜净拭冷眼，慎勿轻动刚肠。

水不波则自足，鉴不翳则自明，
故心无可清，去其混之者，而清自现；
乐不必寻，去其苦之者，而乐自存。

议事者，身在事外，宜悉利害之情；
任事者，身居事中，当忘利害之虑。

处富贵之地，要知贫贱的痛痒；
当少壮之时，须念衰老的辛酸。

居盈满者，如水之将溢未溢，切忌再加一滴；
处危急者，如木之将折未折，切忌再加一搦。

冷眼观人，冷耳听语，冷情当感，冷心思想。

风斜雨急处，要立得脚定；
花浓柳艳处，要著得眼高；
路危径险处，要回头得早。

事稍拂逆，便思不如我的人，则怨尤自消；
心稍怠荒，便思胜似我的人，则精神自奋。

桃李虽艳，何如松苍柏翠之坚贞；
梨杏虽甘，何如橙黄橘绿之馨冽。
信乎，浓夭不及淡久，早秀不如晚成也。

风恬浪静中，见人生之真境；
味淡声希处，识心体之本然。 ]]> http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/5#comment 512 Tue, 08 Aug 2006 20:42:16 GMT http://349225483.qzone.qq.com/blog/5