№逆光

Unit 10 Text I Language Points（新编英语教程Book5）

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 11:58:13 GMT

Unit 10
Text I Things: The Throw-Away Society
1. wardrobe [ˋwɔrdˏrob] n.
①a large, tall cupboard in which clothes may be hung or stored衣橱，衣柜
fitted/ built-in wardrobe
②（often单）all of the clothes that a person has全部衣服
winter/summer wardrobe
My wardrobe needs to be renewed.
I want to buy a whole new summer wardrobe.
③（often单）the department in a theatre or television company that takes care of the clothes that actors wear服装部，戏服保管室
wardrobe master/mistress服装保管员
2. humanoid [ˈhjuməˌnɔɪd]
adj. having human characteristics or form具人的形状（或特征）的
n. a machine or creature with the appearance or qualities of human类人动物
3. trade A in for B: to give sth used as part of the payment for sth new折价贴换
He traded his car for a new model.
→trade-in n. a method of buying something by giving a used item as part of the payment for a new one; the used item that you give折价贴换；以旧折价换新；折价旧物
trade-in price/value
We got a good trade-in price for our old television.
Are you going to give your Ford as a trade-in?
4. texture [ˋtɛkstʃɚ] n. the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness, of a substance or material, especially as felt by touch; visual and tactile quality of a surface质地, 外观, 手感
5. iridescent [ˏɪrəˋdɛsnt] adj. showing many bright colors that seem to change in different lights彩虹色的，变化斑斓的
jewels sparkling with iridescent colors闪烁着奇光异彩的珠宝
→iridescence n.
6. glisten [ˋɡlɪsn] v. (sth wet) to shine brightly; to sparkle; to glitter闪闪发光
glisten with tears/sweat
The grass glistened in the early-morning dew（露水）.
Her eyes were glistening with tears.
n. a sparkling light reflected from sth wet反射的光亮
7. stagger [ˋstæɡɚ] v. refer to Unit 9
→staggering adj. so large, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe大的惊人的，难以想象的
America is altering with staggering rapidity.
Profits have shot up by a staggering 25%.
→staggeringly adv.
staggeringly beautiful/expensive
8. cityscape [ˈsɪtiˌskep] n.
①the visual appearance of a city or urban area; a city landscape城市面貌，都市风光
②an artistic representation, such as a painting or photograph of a city城市风光画，城市风景照
9. deride [dɪˋraɪd] v. to treat sb/sth as ridiculous and not worth considering seriously嘲笑，愚弄 ~mock, ridicule
deride sb/sth as sth/adj.
They derided his efforts as childish.
That newspaper columnist derides the mayor whenever he can.
→derision n. unkind laughter or remarks that show you think sb/sth is ridiculous and not worth considering seriously奚落，嘲笑
Americans speak with derision of those who are lazy.
Her speech was met with hoots/howls of derision.
→derisive adj. showing derision
derisive remark/comment/laughter
→derisively adv.
→derisory adj. ①so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering seriously; ridiculously small or inadequate少得可怜的
I rejected her derisory offer without hesitation. 我毫不犹疑地拒绝她那低得可笑的出价。
②=derisive
10. utility [juˋtɪlətɪ] n.
①a service provided for the public, for example an electricity, water or gas supply公共事业
a public utility
utility bill
②the quality of being useful实用，（经济、博弈论中的）效用
A fur coat has more utility in winter than in autumn.
③a piece of computer software that performs a particular task应用程序
adj. useful, especially through being able to perform several functions ; functional rather than attractive有用的，多功能的
a utility vehicle/clothing
→utilize v. to make practical or effective use of sth利用
utilize sth to the full/fully/extensively/effectively/successfully
In her new job, her talents will be better utilized than before.
The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material.
Scientists are trying to find more effective ways of utilizing solar system.
→utilizable adj.
→utilization n.
→utilitarian [ˏjutɪləˋtɛrɪən] adj.
①intended to be useful and practical rather than attractive or decorative实用的
The student accommodation is strictly utilitarian.
②（哲）of, relating to, or adhering to the doctrine of utilitarianism实用主义的，功利主义的
→utilitarianism n. Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its contribution to overall utility: that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all people.实用主义，功利主义
11. foreshorten [fɔrˋʃɔrtn] v. ①to draw, photograph, etc. objects or people so that they look smaller or closer together than they really are用透视法缩小
②to shorten or reduce sth in time or scale缩减
Smoking was certainly one of the factors that foreshortened his life.
→foreshortened adj.
a foreshortened education
12. transient [ˋtrænʃənt] adj. ①lasting for only a short time; impermanent短暂的，暂时的
transient fashion/success
②staying or working in a place only for a short time临时的，暂住的
transient population/laborers
n. a person who is staying or working in a place for a short time only暂住者，临时工
→transience/transiency n.
the transience of human existence
→transitory adj. continuing for only a short time; transient
→transitoriness n.
13. at a fast/good/rapid/steady/fair clip: quickly迅速
Land prices will rise at a healthy chip.
The old car was travelling at a quite a clip.
14. diaper [ˋdaɪəpɚ] n. a square of thick soft paper or cloth which is fastened around a baby's bottom and between its legs to absorb its urine and excrement尿布=nappy
15. bib [bɪb] n. a piece of fabric or plastic that you put under babies' chins to protect their clothes while they are eating围嘴
16. ruthless [ˋruθlɪs] adj. ①(sb) having or showing no pity or compassion for others; cruel残酷无情的 ~relentless, unrelenting, callous, cruel, unfeeling, heartless, remorseless, merciless
a ruthless dictator/manipulator/criminal
Some people believe that to succeed in this world you must be ruthless.
They have shown a ruthless disregard for basic human rights.
The late newspaper tycoon is condemned for his ruthless treatment of employees.
Throw away clothes you don’t wear --- be ruthless!
②(action/activity) forceful and thorough, without much concern for its effects on other people
→ruthlessly adv.
→ruthlessness n.
17. spinach [ˋspɪnɪtʃ] n. type of common garden plant with wide dark-green leaves that are cooked and eaten as a vegetable菠菜
18. encase [ɪnˋkes] v. to surround or cover sth completely, especially to protect it把……装箱，包起，围住
encase sth in sth
His broken leg was encased in plaster.（石膏）
The nuclear waste was encased in concrete before being sent for storage in disused mines.
|disused adj. no longer used disuse n. the state of not being used
19. inextricable [,ɪnˋɛkstrɪkəbl] adj. ①too closely linked to be separated无法分开的
Knowledge and economic power have become inextricable.
There is an inextricable connection between language and culture.
②impossible to escape from无法摆脱的
inextricable difficulties/problems
→inextricably adv.
be inextricably linked/mixed/bound up/involved
Economic and social history are inextricably bound up with each other.
Our fates are inextricably joined. 我们的命运是不可分地连结在一起的。
→inextricability/inextricableness n.
→extricate [ˋɛkstrɪˏket] v. to escape or enable sb to escape from a difficult situation; to free sb/sth or yourself from a place where they/it or you are trapped（使）摆脱；解救
extricate sb/sth/oneself from sth
The meeting seemed endless, but I extricated myself by saying I had to catch a plane.
If, on the other hand, in the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate ourselves from misfortune.————《孙子兵法·九变篇》
杂于害而患可解也（在不利的情况下，要充分考虑到有利的条件，才能防患于未然）
The fireman had to extricate the driver from the wreckage.
→*extricable adj.
→*extrication n.
20. embed [ɪmˋbɛd] v. to fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass把…牢牢嵌入
embed sth in sth
A piece of glass was embedded in her hand.
The idea became embedded in his mind.
21. be/go against/run counter to the grain of sb/sth: to be or do sth different from what is normal and natural违反常理，不和常情
It goes against the grain for her to spend a lot of money on clothes.
Mary is always honest and it went against the grain to tell lies.
It really goes against the grain to work at weekends.
22. steep [stip] v.
● be steeped in sth: to have a lot of a particular quality饱含
a city steeped in history and tradition
● steep sth in sth: to put food in a liquid and leave it there, so that it becomes soft or has the same taste as the liquid, or so that it gives the liquid its taste在液体中浸泡食物
Leave the teabag to steep.
● steep oneself in sth: to spend a lot of time doing or thinking about sth and learn a lot about it沉浸于
He steeped himself in literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
He was steeped in the family business from an early age.
adj. ①(slope, hill, angle, flight of stairs) rising or falling at a sharp angle陡峭的
②(a rise or fall in an amount) very large and rapid急剧的
③(price, demand) unreasonable; excessive过高的
→steeply adv.
→steepness n.
→steepen v. to become or make sth become steeper（使）变陡峭
23. awe [ɔ] n. a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might敬畏，惊叹
with/in awe
We felt awe contemplating the work of Bach.
They gazed in awe at the small mountain of diamonds.
● stand/be in awe of sb/sth, hold sb/sth in awe: to admire sb/sth and be slightly afraid of them/it对……望而生畏
You can't help but stand in awe of power people.
The observers were in awe of the destructive power of the new weapon.
v.（被）to fill sb with awe使敬畏
The girls were awed by the splendor of the cathedral.
The audience was awed into silence by her stunning performance.
→awed adj. filled with awe; showing or having awe
We stood there in awed silence.
→awesome adj. causing awe
awesome beauty/power of the atomic bomb
→awesomely adv.
24. lo and behold: used for calling attention to a surprising or an annoying thing哎哟，你瞧，真想不到
I walked into the pub and, lo and behold, there was my boss with his wife.
As soon as we went out, lo and behold, it began to rain.
25. unsanitary/insanitary [ɪnˋsænəˏtɛrɪ] adj. dirty and unhealthy and thus likely to cause disease不卫生的
insanitary living conditions
→sanitary adj. ①（定）of or relating to health or the protection of health公共卫生的
sanitary measures/fittings in a house
Overcrowding and poor sanitary conditions led to disease in the refugee camps.
②clean; not likely to cause disease清洁的，卫生的
Hospital operating instruments must be sanitary.
His kitchen doesn’t look very sanitary.
→sanitation n. the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water卫生体系；卫生设备
Many illnesses in this temporary refugee camp are result of poor/inadequate sanitation.
→sanitize v. ①to make sth sanitary, as by cleaning or disinfecting消毒，使清洁
②to make sth more acceptable by removing unpleasant or offensive features from it去除……中使人不愉快的内容，净化
The military wants to allow only a sanitized report/version of the incident to become public.
26. cardboard [ˋkɑrdˏbɔrd] n. material like very thick stiff paper, usually pale brown in color, which is used especially for making boxes硬纸板
a cardboard box
adj.（定）(character in a literary work) lacking depth and realism; artificial不真实的，虚假的
cardboard figure/character
cardboard caricature of historical figures对历史人物肤浅的讽刺画
27. quasi- [ˋkwesaɪ] pref. ①seemingly; apparently but not really类似，貌似但不真实，半
a quasi-scientific explanation
②partly; almost半，准
a quasi-governmental organization
The school uniform is quasi-military in style.
28. boutique [buˋtik] n. a small shop/store that sells fashionable clothes or expensive gifts精品店
29. sprout [spraʊt] v. ①if vegetable, seeds or plants sprout, they start to grow, producing shoots, buds, or leaves发芽
sprout (up/out) (from sth)
Leaves began to sprout from the trees.
②vt&vi. to suddenly appear in large numbers涌现出
sprout (up)
Office blocks are sprouting up everywhere.
③vt&vi. (plant, flower, hair) to start to grow on sb/sth; to start to grow sth长出
Jim seemed to have sprouted a beard.
n. new shoot or bud of a plant新芽，嫩枝
30. apparel [əˋpærəl] n. clothing衣服，服装
v.（古）to clothe or dress sb给……穿衣
31. breathtaking [ˋbrɛθˏtekɪŋ] adj. very exciting, impressive or surprising激动人心的；惊人的
a breathtaking view/waterfall
The view from the top of the mountain was breathtaking.
Her beauty was breathtaking.
He spoke with breathtaking arrogance.
→breathtakingly adv.
● take sb’s breath away: surprise or amaze sb.令人惊叹
It quite took my breath away when they told me how much money I had won.
32. sumptuous [ˋsʌmptʃʊəs] adj. very expensive and looking very impressive; lavish奢华的，豪华的
→sumptuously adv.
→sumptuousness n.
33. gown [ɡaʊn] n. ①a woman's dress, especially a long one for special occasions长礼服；裙服
wedding/evening/ball gown
②a long loose piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes by judges and (in Britain) by other lawyers, and by members of universities (at special ceremonies)长袍，长外衣
③a piece of clothing that is worn over other clothes to protect them, especially in a hospital外罩
→gowned adj. wearing a gowned
34. train [tren] n. a part of a long dress that spreads over the ground behind the wearer长的衣、袍、裙等拖在地上的部分
35. caption [ˋkæpʃən] n. words printed above or below a picture in a book or newspaper or on a television screen to explain what the picture is showing说明文字
I didn’t understand the drawing until I read the caption.
v. to write a caption for a picture, photograph给……添加说明文字
36. benign [bɪˋnaɪn] adj. ①(people/action) kindly, gentle善良的，和善的
②tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable
a policy with benign consequences for the economy
③(climate or environment) mild and favorable（气候，环境）温和的，宜人的
④(tumor) not malignant良性的
→benignly adv.
37. cellulose [ˋsɛljəˏlos] n. ①a natural substance that forms the cell walls of all plants and trees and is used in making plastics, paper, etc.纤维素
②any compound of cellulose used in making paint, lacquer, etc.纤维素的衍生物
38. discard [dɪsˋkɑrd] v. ①to get rid of sth that you no longer want or need丢弃；抛弃
discard sb/sth as sth/adj.
discard sb’s wife/ old beliefs/ prejudices
discarded clothes/newspapers
10% of the data was discarded as unreliable.
She could now discard all thoughts of promotion.
Older managers have been discarded in favor of younger people.
年龄较大的管理人员已遭弃用，由年轻一些的接手。
②to get rid of a card that you do not want垫牌
n. sb/sth that is discarded or rejected
39. duration [dʊˋreʃən] n. the length of time that sth lasts or continues持续时间，期间
sth of long/short duration
duration of flight续航时间
The course is of three year’s duration.
● for the duration (of sth) ①until the end of a particular situation直到……结束
The package includes bicycle hire for the duration of your holiday.
②(informal) for a very long time长期地
40. supplant [səˋplænt] v. to take the place of sb/sth so that they are no longer in use or in position etc.; to replace取代，替代
In most offices, the typewriter has now been supplanted by the computer.
Oil has supplanted coffee as our main export.
Small children can often feel supplanted (in their parents' affections) when a new brother or sister is born.

大学感悟(3)

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 18:16:21 GMT

有些人，虽然相隔很远，心的距离却很近；有些人，虽然朝夕共处，但却相隔很远。距离不是最大的问题，只要保存着一颗真诚的心。 //一个比喻：一个企业如果没有凝聚力，就很难发展。只有企业能够吸引住人才，才能进步。如果企业成员仅仅是因为公司能支付报酬而工作，而对企业没有归属感，这其实是一件非常可悲的事情。

大学感悟(2)

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 06:53:32 GMT

对一个人来说，一首歌是否好听不仅仅取决于这首歌的旋律，歌词，歌手的演绎，我觉得更重要的是它也与这首歌带给你的回忆有关。如果一首歌曾陪伴你度过一段艰苦的岁月，那么这首歌对你来说就不仅仅是一首歌了，而是会给你的生活带来希望，坚定的信念。每一首歌的歌词都讲述着一个故事，而我们的生活却赋予这首歌新的故事。每首歌对于我们都是独一无二的，也许当我们二十年之后再次唱响这首歌的时候，会充满着无限的感慨，这种感慨别人无法理解，只有自己才懂。什么是真爱？每天见面，想要时时刻刻在一起就是真爱？真爱也许并不是靠非理性的付出，也许更应该是有改变自己的行动。看一个人在业余时间干些什么事，就能看出他是一个怎么样的人。很多人都在争论怎么判断是否上网成瘾，固然看上网时间是一个不错的办法，但是有时，如果我们观察一个人在没有网络的情况下是否能有序地安排自己的生活，学习，是否会无所事事，我觉得这是一个更有说服力的方法。

Unit 2 Text I Language Points

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 13:12:48 GMT

Unit 2
Text I Beware the Dirty Seas
1. beware v. to be cautious and alert to dangers and risks当心，谨慎
beware of sth/doing sth
They should beware of making hasty decisions.
Beware of saying anything that might reveal where you live.
Beware of pickpockets/fire.谨防扒手；小心火烛。
Beware ------ wet paint! 注意——油漆未干！
2. tar [tɑr] n. ①a thick black sticky liquid that becomes hard when cold. Tar is obtained from coal and is used especially in making roads.沥青，柏油
②a substance similar to tar that is formed by burning tobacco尼古丁v. to cover sth with tar用柏油覆盖
a newly-tarred road
3. waters [ˋwɔtɚ] n.①the water in a particular lake, river, sea or ocean水域
②an area of sea or ocean belonging to a particular country领海，海域
international waters国际海域
territorial waters领海
4. sluice [slus] n. a passage for water to pass through, with a special gate which can be opened or closed to control it水闸，闸门
v. ①to wash sth with a stream of water冲洗
sluice sth (down/out)
sluice A with B
He was sluicing down the floor.
I quickly sluiced my face with cold water.
②(water) to flow somewhere in large quantities涌入，流过
sluice +adv/prep.
Water sluiced out from the pipes.
5. sewage [ˋsuɪdʒ] n. waste matter from human bodies, factories, towns etc. that flows away in sewers污物
6. nurture [ˋnətʃɚ] v.
①to care for and protect sb/sth while they are growing and developing养育；培养
nurture plants/child
②to help sb/sth to develop and be successful; cultivate帮助；支持
nurture a student’s talent
It’s important to nurture a good working relationship.
My father nurtured my love of art.
European Union is an ideal that has been nurtured since the post-war years.
③to have a particular feeling, idea, plan for a long time and encourage it to develop怀有（希望，想法，抱负）
nurture a hope of doing sth
nurture an idea/plan/ambition/belief
She nurtured ambitions for her daughter to become a surgeon.
For a long time she had nurtured a dream of buying a shop.
n. upbringing, education, and environment, contrasted with inborn characteristics as an influence on or determinant of personality 后天培育（常与nature相对）
Which do you think has the strongest influence on how children develop--- nature or nature?
The two sisters have received very different nurture.
7. fall victim to sth: to be killed, injured or damaged by sth; to be badly affected or destroyed by a situation成为…的受害者﹙或牺牲品﹚
Many plants have fallen victim to the sudden frost.
Many small businesses have fallen victim to the recession.
He soon fell victim to her charm. 他很快就让她的魅力给迷住了。
8. evolve [ɪˋvɑlv] v. ①to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form; to develop sth in this way（使）逐渐形成，逐渐演变
evolve out of/ from sth
evolve into sth
Language is constantly and gradually evolving. (vi)
The school has evolved its own style of teaching. (vt.)
He has evolved a new theory after many years of researches. (vt.)
The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer. (vi.)
*We can evolve truth from a mass of confused evidences. (vt.)
我们可以从庞杂的证据中推断事实真象。②(animal, plant) to develop over successive generations, especially as a result of natural selection进化
evolve from sth
highly/fully evolved animals高度进化的动物
Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that man had evolved from lower forms of life.
→evolution n.（生物）进化；演变，发展
the theory of evolution
the evolution of human species
The forms of written languages undergo constant evolution.
书写语言的形式经过了不断的演变。→evolutionary adj.（生物）进化的；逐渐发展的
evolutionary theory/change
9. typhoid [ˋtaɪfɔɪd] (=typhoid fever) n. a serious infectious disease that causes fever, red spots on the chest and severe pain in the bowels, and sometimes causes death伤寒
10. paratyphoid [ˏpærəˋtaɪfɔɪd] n. type of fever similar to typhoid, but less dangerous 副伤寒
11. dysentery [ˋdisnˏtɛrɪ] n. a disease characterized by severe diarrhea with passage of mucus and blood and usually caused by infection痢疾
12. polio [ˋpolɪo] (poliomyelitis [ˏpolɪoˏmaɪəˋlaɪtɪs])
n. an infectious disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis (= loss of control or feeling in part or most of the body) 小儿麻痹症
13. hepatitis [ˏhɛpəˋtaɪtɪs] n. a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver肝炎
viral/virus hepatitis病毒性肝炎
chronic hepatitis 慢性肝炎
infectious hepatitis传染性肝炎
epidemic hepatitis 流行性肝炎
14. endemic [ɛnˋdɛmɪk] adj. (disease/condition) regularly found in among particular people or in a certain area and difficult to get rid of流行的，地方性的
be endemic in to/among
endemic disease地方病
Racism/Poverty/Violent crime is now endemic in many of the country’s cities.
Malaria is endemic in/to many hot countries.
The chest disease is endemic among miners in this area.
an attitude endemic among sb.
species endemic to sp.某地的特有物种
problems endemic to translation
→*endemically adv.
→*endemicity n. 地方的特性，风土性
→*endemism n. 地方的特有现象，地方的（动植物）特有分布
15. mourn [mɔrn] v. to feel or show sorrow or regret for the loss of sb/sth哀悼，感到悲伤
mourn for/over sb/sth
mourn sb’s death/passing/loss
She mourned (for/over) her dead child for many years.
On May 19, 2008, people mourned for the earthquake victims at Tiananmen Square, Beijing, with the flag at half mast throughout the mourning period.
She still mourns the death of her husband.
They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.
She mourned for her lost childhood.
→mourner n. a person at a funeral哀悼者
→mournful adj. very sad忧伤的，悲痛的
mournful eye/expression/look/music
→mournfully adv.
→mournfulness n.
→mourning n. ①the expression of deep sorrow for sb who has died哀悼
He was in deep mourning for his dead wife.
Black is a token of mourning.
The State Council declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims starting from May 19, 2008.
②clothes that people wear to show their sadness at sb's death丧服
16. litany [ˋlɪtnɪ] n. ①a series of prayers to God for use in church services, spoken by a priest, etc., with set responses by the people连祷文
②（贬）a long list of unpleasant things, particularly things that are repeated一连串
The television news is a daily litany of bombings and killings.
电视新闻每天连续不断地报道爆炸和杀戮事件。The manufacturers are reported to have received a litany of complaints from dissatisfied customers.
17. flush [flʌʃ] v.
①(person/face)to become red, typically as a result of a strong emotion or illness脸红
The Champaign has caused her face to flush.
*The setting sun flushed the mountain tops.
②when a toilet flushes or you flush it, water passes through it to clean it, after a handle etc, has been pressed冲洗（抽水马桶）
③to force water through sth to clean it冲洗
flush A out with B
flush B through A
Flush the pipe out with clean water./ Flush clean water through the pipe.
④to get rid of sth with a sudden flow of water用水冲走
She flushed the unused tablets away.
● flush sb/sth out (of sth) ①to force a person or an animal to leave the place where they are hiding把……从隐蔽处驱赶出来
The police fired tear gas to flush out the terrorists.
②to get rid of sth with a rush of water
Drinking a lot of water helps to flush the poisons out of the body.
The weakness in demand and productivity will at least . . . flush out some of the inflation premium that has been built into interest rates. ------Fortune
需求和生产的疲软至少可以…冲刷掉一部分固定的利率中用以缓解通货膨胀的费用。
n. ①a reddening of the face or skin that is typically caused by illness or strong emotion脸红
②a sudden rush of intense emotion一阵强烈的感情
a flush of anger/embarrassment/excitement/enthusiasm
③the act of cleaning a toilet with a sudden flow of water冲洗
④（纸牌）同花的一手牌，清一色
●(in) the first flush of sth: at a time when sth is new or sb is young青春正盛时，热情高涨时
in the first flush of manhood/youth/enthusiasm
He was killed in an accident in the first flush of youth. ~in sb’s prime
Many third-world countries that, in the first flush of independence, rejected capitalism for socialism, have now concluded that the free market is the wave of the future.
很多第三世界国家，独立之初舍资本主义而就社会主义，现在已经确定自由市场是未来的潮流。
adj.（表）①(informal) having plenty of sth, especially money富有的
The banks are flush with funds.
②completely level or even with another surface完全齐平
be flush with sth
The door should be flush with the wall.
→flushed adj. red in face; be excited because you have achieved sth
Her cheeks were flushed with anger.
be flushed with success/excitement/pleasure
He was flushed with success after his first novel was published.
18. shallow [ˋʃælo] (shallows) n. an area of the sea, lake or a river where the water is not very deep浅水处，浅滩
Abandon the boat in the shallows.
19. awash [əˋwɑʃ] adj.（表）①covered or flooded with water被淹没，被冲刷
be awash (with water)
The ship’s deck was awash in the storm.
②having an amount of sth that is very large or larger than necessary or desirable充满
be awash with sth
The city is awash with drugs and the police are powerless to do anything about it.
The street is awash with people wearing fashionable bright colored outfits.
The village is awash with history, legends and local charm.
20. lurk [lək] v.
①(person/animal) to be or remain hidden so as to wait in ambush for sb/sth埋伏，潜伏
lurk +adv/prep.
A ruthless killer still lurks in the darkness.
Why are you lurking about in the corridor?
②(unpleasant feeling/quality) to exist although it is not always noticeable潜在，隐藏着
Danger lurks around in every corner.
It seems that old prejudices are still lurking beneath the surface.
lurking doubt/suspicion/fear
He lives with a lurking fear of exposure as fraud. 他时时暗自担心会被发现是个骗子。
21. cluster [ˋklʌstɚ] v. to come together in a small group or groups聚集
cluster/be clustered together/(a)round
Students clustered around the notice board to read the exam results.
Students tended to have marks clustering around 70 points. 学生们的分数都在70分左右。
n. a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding sth簇，团，组
She held a cluster of flowers in her hands.
There was a cluster of fans around him, asking for his autograph.
22. foul [faʊl] v. to make sth dirty, usually with waste material弄脏，污染
foul sth (up)
The factory is responsible for fouling up the air for miles around.
23. lagoon [ləˋɡun] n. a lake of salt water that is separated from the sea by a reef or an area of rock or sand泻湖，咸水湖
24. effluent [ˋɛflʊənt] n. liquid waste, especially chemicals produced by factories, or sewage废水，污水
25. detergent [dɪˋtədʒənt] n. a chemical substance in the form of a powder or a liquid for removing dirt from clothes or dishes, etc.洗涤剂，洗衣粉
26. plankton [ˋplæŋktən] n. the very small forms of plant and animal life that live in seas, rivers, lakes, etc.浮游生物
27. itch [ɪtʃ] n. ①feeling of irritation on the skin, causing a desire to scratch痒
suffer from/have/feel/get an itch
②a strong desire to do sth渴望
an itch for sth/ to do sth
have an itch for adventure/ to travel
v. ①to have or cause an itch发痒，使皮肤发痒
Are your mosquito bites still itching?
The label on this shirt itches me.
②to feel a strong restless desire to do sth渴望
be itching for sth/ to do sth
Some students are itching for the class to end.
have an itching palm: be greedy for money贪财
→itchy adj. having or producing an itch on the skin发痒的
● get/have itchy feet: to have a desire to travel, move house or change job etc.
He never stays in a job long. He gets itchy feet after two or three years.
● itchy fingers: sb with itchy fingers is likely to steal things
I tucked my bills deep into the pocket, away from itchy fingers.
→itchiness n.
28. slime [slaɪm] n. a thick sticky slippery substance（尤指令人厌恶的）黏质物；黏液；软泥
→slimy adj. ①like or covered with slime似泥浆的，粘有粘液的
②(manner/person) friendly in an unpleasant way that seems not sincere谄媚，讨好的，假惺惺的
slimy salesman/politician
29. landlocked [ˈlændˌlɑkt]] adj. entirely or almost entirely surrounded by land内陆的
a landlocked country
30. cleanse [klɛnz] v. ①to make sth completely clean彻底清洁
Cleanse the cut/wound thoroughly before you bandage it.
②to remove everything that is bad or immoral from a person’s character, an organization or a place etc.肃清，净化
cleanse sb/sth of sth
The mayor was elected on the promise to cleanse the city government of corruption.
She felt cleansed of her sins after confession.
→cleanser n. a substance that cleanses something, especially a cosmetic product for cleansing the skin 清洁剂
31. remorseless [rɪˈmɔrslɪs] adj. ①(of an unpleasant situation) seeming to continue and become worse in a way that cannot be stopped持续恶化
the remorseless increase in crime犯罪的持续增长
the remorseless pressure of recession and financial constraint
②cruel and having or showing no pity for other people残酷的，无同情心的
a remorseless killer残酷的杀手
→remorselessly adv.
→remorse [rɪˋmɔrs] n. the feeling of being extremely sorry for sth wrong or bad that you have done懊悔，自责~regret
remorse for doing sth
be full of/ be filled with remorse
(Filled) With remorse and shame, he asked for her forgiveness.
→remorseful adj.
→remorsefully adv.
→remorsefulness n.
32. riviera [riˈvjɛrɑ] n.
①a coastal region with a subtropical climate and vegetation海滨避寒胜地，海滨游憩胜地
②(the Riviera)part of the Mediterranean coastal region of southern France and northern Italy, extending from Cannes to La Spezia, famous for its beauty, mild climate, and fashionable resorts. 里维埃拉
33. treble [ˋtrɛbl] v. to become or make sth, three times as much or as many增加到三倍
Their profits have trebled in the last two years.

_______
1. stifle v. to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed; to feel unable to breathe, or to make sb unable to breathe, because it is too hot and/or there is no fresh air
2. periodic adj. happening a number of times, usually at regular times
3. seductive adj. someone, especially a woman, who is seductive is sexually attractive; attractive in a way that makes you want to have or do sth
4. virtually adv. almost or very nearly
5. feeble adj. lacking strength; weak; indicating weakness; lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate.

孙燕姿2009巡回演唱会上海站曲目

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 05:02:45 GMT

●曲目单

PART 1 : 我要去哪里 (黄金战士装)

01) 梦游
02) 神奇 (没有火焰 - 相信是台风关系?)
03) 梦不落 (没有延展台气势上少了一点点)
04) 我的爱

PART 2 : WHAT SHOULD DO (粉红救生圈装)

05) 作战
06) 懒的去管
07) 咕叽咕叽
08) 同类
09) 逃亡

PART 3 : 什麼是快活 (黑衣客装)

10) 累赘
11) 完美的一天
12) 说不出的快活
13) 第一天

嘉宾 : 兄弟联唱原来你什麼都不要 / 暗号

PART 4 : --- (橘色珊瑚装)

14) 爱从零开始
15) 我不爱
16) 我怀念的
17) 愚人的国度
18) 遇见

PART 5 : FENGZHENG在风里 (白色Q版婚纱装)

19) FENGZHENG
20) 我不难过
21) 超快感

(银色鸟笼装)

22) 奔
23) Stefanie
24) 天黑黑

安可 1 (黑T加牛仔裤)
25) 绿光
26) The Moment

安可 2
27) 逆光

美研究人员破解男性热衷电脑游戏原因

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Sat, 04 Jul 2009 13:58:58 GMT

　　研究人员称，性别差异可以解释为什么男性比女性更容易对视频游戏着魔，男性对计算机游戏的狂热来自于根深蒂固的征服欲，而女性则没有这种征服欲。该研究成果发表在最近的《精神病学研究》杂志上。
(点击图片浏览更多)

　　美国斯坦福大学跨学科脑科学研究中心的艾伦·雷斯教授领导了该项研究。研究人员让一组男人和女人玩电脑游戏，然后给参与者的大脑通电让其接受核磁共振成像扫描。
　　对大脑的扫描表明，玩电脑游戏激活了男人大脑中同奖励和上瘾感觉相关的回路。奖励回路中的三个结构：分析伏隔核、扁桃体以及眼窝前额皮质在男人大脑中的相互影响要比女人多。男人征服的“敌人”越多，得分越高，越能刺激该区域。相反，女人大脑的这部分不太可能被任天堂等电脑游戏激发。
　　雷斯说：“性别差异可以解释为什么男人比女人更容易受到游戏的蛊惑，或更易对视频游戏着魔。男人天生就具有更强的领土意识，在历史的发展中，男人成为征服者。广受男人追捧的电脑游戏都是一些涉及攻城掠地和攻击类的游戏。女人对计算机游戏的理解能力同男人一样，但女人没有同样的获胜欲望。”

大学中的一些感悟（二）

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 18:48:40 GMT

期末考试总算结束了，每次期末的时候总是感觉时间不够用，就算通宵复习时间还是不够。每次期末考试总是觉得特别地沧桑…… 每次下定决心要在平时多努力一点，多学一点，但总是有各种各样的事，妨碍计划的进行。
虽然期末考试期间还是制定了计划，复习得还是不错的，但是内心里总是有一种感觉，觉得大学的学习不应该是这样的。仿佛大家都是到了期末才开始把一学期的内容重新学习一遍，我不禁质疑，这样的学习能够起到很好的效果吗？能够真正把所学到的知识内化吗？
总是有一种感觉，大学里缺乏学习的气氛。虽然说图书馆里自习的人很多，平时也有一部分人认真学习，但大部分人只是混日子而已。就我周围的环境而言，我觉得不太适合学习……
每次期末的时候，寝室里总是有人讨论一些问题，但是确实一些比较基本的问题，而且部分是由于上课没有去而不懂的问题，当然同学之间还是应该互相帮助的，但是我就在想，平时为什么没有这种讨论的气氛呢？平时基本在寝室就没有一种争论的学术氛围。平时倒是有同学经常讨论电脑游戏方面的问题，irony it is！真的很怀念高中的时候，一道物理题目可以跟兄弟们争论，一道英语题目可以讨论很长时间。
进入大学发现很多事情并不是我所想象的那样。期末考试，老师没有划范围，会觉得老师太残忍。当然，从一定程度上，这也是可以理解的，可能有些同学对这些内容不感兴趣，所以没有学习的热情。但是从另一方面讲，我们上大学仅仅是为了通过考试吗？知识其实是更为重要的。考试划范围从一定程度上降低了考试的压力，但是如果平时真的认真学习的话，也不至于那么沧桑。
有些人可能会说，我对这门课不感兴趣，这当然是可以理解的。但是，反过来想一下，对于你真正感兴趣的学科有没有认真学呢？如果，在期末的时候，能够保证说这学期我有几门课平时学得很扎实，不需要花多少精力复习，我想这也是一种成功。
可能，并不是每个人都适合学习，对于大多数人来说，平时把每门课都学得扎扎实实也不是很现实，毕竟大学里并不是只有学习一件事情。但是，我想，对于自己感兴趣的学科应该平时就好好学，不要受太大的干扰因素的影响。
对于大学的学习，我觉得，成功并不在于你的成绩如何，是否拿到奖学金，二在于你有没有真正学习到知识。知识可能会忘记，但是学习到的一种逻辑思维，以及学习给你带来的一种品质是会伴随你一辈子的。
在说说讨论的事，学习的过程并不是一个人的事，有事与他人进行讨论时非常必要的，不同的人对于问题的认识不同，一方面可以拓展思路，另一方面也能培养一种谦虚的精神。学术争论的意义并不在于结果，而是在这个过程中，对问题会有更深刻的认识和理解。我们寝室正缺少这样一种氛围（不知道其他寝室是不是这样~）
所以我觉得，对问题的讨论应该放到平时，而不是考前，否则会占用大量的复习时间，考前要做的应该是要整理知识，以及把知识结构化。

在大学里得出的一些结论：之一

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Wed, 29 Apr 2009 14:01:44 GMT

有两个人，平时都不怎么学习。考前临时抱佛脚，但一个却期末考得很好，另一个却考得不怎么样。原因很简单，两个人都无法在寝室学习，所以在自修教室学习。区别是前者是因为在寝室学习受到别人的影响，无法在寝室集中精力学习，所以要到自修教室学习，最终取得了满意的成绩；而后者无法在寝室学习是因为在寝室无法摆脱电子游戏的诱惑。
其实有时候做很多事情，花的时间都差不多，为什么最终的效果会有很大的差别呢？起到重要作用的还是attitude

我的依赖

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Sat, 04 Apr 2009 06:31:15 GMT

蔡依林 - 我的依赖

地震的夜晚赶来作伴
重感冒的凌晨煮着稀饭
这个让我哭过的人多么温暖
我感谢我们不完美却坦白自然

我们从牵手放手又牵手走过来
愿意为更懂你的心 Spending all my life
每当情绪像海你只抱我从不催我讲出来
我就明白你是我的依赖

地震的夜晚赶来作伴
重感冒的凌晨煮着稀饭
这个让我哭过的人多么温暖
我感谢我们不完美却坦白自然

我们从期待失落又期待走过来
愿意为一起看未来 Spending all my life
每当变成习惯生活太淡总有感动的意外
我就明白你是我的依赖

就算是幸福都由老天在管
只借不送我还是不肯还用真爱耍赖

我们从日出日落又日出走过来
愿意为爱你去忙碌 Spending all my life
每当命运变幻需要狂欢需要流泪你都在
我就明白你是我的依赖
我们明白爱是互相依赖

口译口试备考全解析

359430700@qq.com(№逆光) — Thu, 26 Mar 2009 10:16:58 GMT

作者：汪亮来源：上海新东方

2009年的春季口译口试即将全面展开，为了帮助广大考生能够顺利的准备即将而来的第二阶段口试，上海新东方独家发布口试阶段的所有细节，包括考试流程，评分标准，备考策略，及难点应对，希望大家做到知已知彼，才能在低通过率的口试中顺利突围。
1．口译考试口试流程
中级口译口试：第一部分 3-minute talk
这部分要求大家在规定的三分钟内就所给的一个英文题目进行口语表达。要求做到无重大语法错误，表达流畅，能围绕题目进行论点阐述，论证，无偏题，跑题问题。
第二部分 4 passages of interpretation
这部分共有四段口译，两段英翻中，两段中翻英。每一段分四小段翻完，即共有十六小段。每小段通常在两到三小句，其中至少应有一句长难复杂句。每小段结束后磁带中发出“嘟”的声音，考生必须在第二声“嘟”之前把听到的段落翻译出来。每小段间隔时间约为22到25秒钟。每小段字数大约为60-80字。
高级口译口试：第一部分 5-minute talk
要求同中口一致，只是时间有所加长，最长为五分钟。
第二部分 4 passages of interpretation
这部分共有四段口译，两段英翻中，两段中翻英。每一段分两小段翻完，即共有八小段。每小段通常在四到五小句，其中一般应有一句长难复杂句。每小段结束后磁带中发出“嘟”的声音，考生必须在第二声“嘟”之前把听到的段落翻译出来。每小段间隔时间约为44到50秒钟。每小段字数大约为140-160字。
2．口试评分标准及通过率
口试与笔试最大的区别在于没有具体的分数，而只有及格与不及格之分。中级口译共十六小段，必须要确保翻对其中的十一小段。即最多只能错五小段。如只翻对十小段，错六小段，虽然只差一小段，但结果仍然是不过。所以口试是相对来说比较残酷的。这也是口试通过率特别低的主要原因，中口一般为不超过30%，高口一般不超过20%。如一个考场一天有二十名考生，中口最多过六到七人，高口最多过三到四人。
具体到每小段的时候，考官会遵循三分之二正确率的原则。即如一小段中有六个关键信息，考生必须正确翻出至少三分之二的内容才算这小段通过，如翻对二分之一，则算不及格。
现举例说明：
以中级口译2005年9月第二阶段考试为例：
原文：Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to our annual University Awards. I am extremely delighted that we are once again celebrating the achievements of our colleagues.//
关键信息为：
上午好/女士们先生们/欢迎参加本大学颁奖仪式/高兴/再次/庆祝/同仁/成就
不及格版本：
上午好，欢迎参加颁奖，很高兴庆祝同仁的成就。
漏译了“女士们先生们”，“ 本大学”及“再次”
及格版本A：
上午好，女士们先生们，欢迎参加本大学颁奖。很高兴庆祝同仁的成就。
仅漏译了“仪式”及“再次”，不影响整个句子的正确性及完整性。
3．口试备考策略
A 每天至少十五分钟的口语强化练习.(分主题)
材料可以从历年的真题中选择,具体分1.主题段,(引题) 2.原因段A 3.原因段B 4.总结段
B 每天至少一个小时的强化口译训练(分主题)如：科技，文化，环保，教育等。
材料可以从新东方口试备考精要，口译教程书（第三版）,历年真题,梅德明的英汉,汉英口译实践中选择,尽量多做.严格按照考试的模式进行,注意不要默译,一定要大声说出来.
C 每天听英语新闻半小时(中央九台CCTV9是目前最现实,最便捷的途径),或是英语听力材料半小时(可以从口译听力教程中选择)注意对于社会热点话题的了解并积累尽可能多的背景知识.
D 每天背诵二到四段历年的口译真题,尤其是注意其中复杂句的形式和翻译顺序及中英，英中逻辑差别.
E 每天坚持读一篇英语文章,题材不限.(如CHINA DAILY，ECONOMISTS)注意收集生词和句型表达方式,这些都有可能在口试中出现.
F 每天背诵单词二十分钟，分主题。
材料可选上海新东方的《中高级口译口试词汇必备》，小本，紫色封面。或同类型其他书籍。
4．难点应对
4-1：词汇,模板句
由于口译考试涉及内容方方面面，因此在考试中就会不可避免地用到一些常见，高频的单词和句型或是句法结构。单词即砖瓦，而模板句和句法无异于栋梁。只要把各类内容涉及到的高频句型了然于胸，口译也就不再是件难事。不仅考试如此，在平时口译工作中也是同样。笔者曾多次在大型国际会议中担任同传，交传，因此在进行这类内容的口译时，只需用很少的符号和缩写把大意，数字，记下即可。然后用平时已经烂熟于心的单词，固定句法进行口译。需要提醒考生的是，在实际口译中，翻译方法远不止一种，单词和句法也是同样。但是考生要逐渐形成自己对于某类内容的口译方法和风格。那就意味着使用自己熟悉的单词和句型。
如“我很荣幸能够代表……向……表达……的感情”固然有众多种翻译方法，但考生只需熟记一种即可。
On behalf of__,I’m honored/priviledge to express my emotion(thanks,support) to sb who/doing
在旅游景点口译中：泰山，古称岱山，位于山东省境内，方圆46平方公里，自古以来就是海内外游客的必游之地。
Mount Tai,called Dai Mountain in the past,located in Shandong Province and covering an area of 46 square kilometers,has been a must for tourists globally.
4-2：速记技巧
口译考试之所以难，在于其长度和规定的限时。估计很多参加过第二部分口译考试的考生都有这样的经历，听的时候大意可以听懂，但是由于听时未作任何速记，关键词汇，逻辑关系在听后无法正确归纳，导致最后只能译出第一句或最后一句，而中间部分则完全忽略或遗忘。而这样的话是不可能通过口译考试的。因此，自己在平时以及考前练习时一定要把速记归入计划之内。总体上来说,速记符号主要有以下几类:
A.保留大写字母或第一音节
经济：E 教育：Edu 文化：C 政治：P 科技：ST 卫生：H
旅游：T 环境：En 工业：I 农业：A
B．简写缩略
AFAC：as far as … is concerned(就……而言)
LFT：look forward to (期待)
ASAP：as soon as possible(尽快)
C．图象
⊕ 高兴，同意，满意等，如：happy,pleased,satisfied,agree…
◎ 悲伤，生气，不满，不同意等，如：
sad,angry,irritated,unsatisfied,sorrowful,discomfort,disagree…
⊙ 会议，如conference,meeting,seminar,symposium…
□ 国家，地区，如：中国：□C，俄国：□R
D．符号
﹢高兴，男性，同意，增加等，如
happy,male,agree,many,+2=more,+3=most,beneficial,good,beautiful,great,gorgeous…
－悲伤，女性，不同意，减少等，如
sad,female,disagree,little,few,-2=less,-3=least,lack of,short of…
√同意，正确等，如：agree,correct,right…
×不同意，错误等，如：disagree,incorrect…
↑增长，进步等，如：increase,soar,mushroom,rocket,make progress…
↓下降，退步，恶化等，如decrease,sink,slide,subside,plump,plunge,drop,degrade,
deteriorate…
＞多于，超过,比……低一级等，如：more than,greater than,begger than,better than,superior to,surpass,transcend,overtake…
＜少于，比……低级等，如：less than,lower than,smaller than,inferior to…
～大约，如：approximately,about,around,some,nearly,almost,similar to…
／否定，清除，如：clear,settle,solve,tackle,conquer,eliminate,extinct…
≠与……不同，如：differ from,different from,distinct,unique…
$金钱，利益，如：interest,benefit,money,fund,capital…
E．标点
?问题，麻烦，障碍，如：question,issue,difficult,hardship,barrier,obstacle…
:主观想法和说辞，如：think,consider,speak,say,talk,mark,announce,declare,hope,例：repeat或reaffirm可以用:2来替代，声明支持可以用+：来替代，谴责用-：
.表时间前后，如去年.y，明年y.,后天d..，前天..d，两周后w..
现举例段落进行速记说明：
女士们，先生们，尊贵的来宾们：
今天我很荣幸能够代表北京大学全体师生向来自美国教育代表团一行致以热烈的欢迎，希望你们在今后的两周内在中国过得愉快。
速记符号：-/+,VIP,
d,⊕代BJ Uni all wel US Edu dele,:w..,⊕□C
4-3：古语，成语，四字一格翻译
考试中经常会出现古语，成语或者四字一格的翻译，在这方面，很多中文水平不太好的同学就会出现反应上的滞后现象，也就是说要在大脑中思考很长的时间才有可能翻译出来。但这样的话就不可能在规定的时间正确译出全文。所以一定要在短时间之内采用最简洁的表达方法。一般来说，对于四字一格我们有以下几个翻译方法。一，用一个形容词表达大意，如“气象万千”，可以用“Diversity”来表达。而“凤毛麟角”可以用“rare”来表示。不必过于追求词藻的华丽，只要翻译出大意即可。二，解释说明，即可以把这个词用几个词或者一句话解释出来。如“头悬梁，锥刺股”用“study hard”就完全达意了，千万不要硬译。
4-4：生词或生僻表达方式处理
在考试中遇到生词或者难词，很多考生的第一选择通常是在大脑中不断地搜索寻找，但是时间不等人，也许等人想出这个单词的时候，二十五秒的时间也很快就过去了。所以大家一定要在短时间内做出选择。我们处理生词的方法有三个。第一，同义词或近义词替换法。如“同事”，在和一时间想不出“colleague”，应迅速用“working-mates”来替代。第二，解释说明法。仍以“同事”为例，在考试中如想不出“colleague”或“working-mate”，可以用“the people who work with me”来替代。
“夫君子之所取者远,则必有所待,所就都大,则必有所忍.”总之，在考试之前只要做到坚持不懈的练习，水平自然能够得到稳步提高，从而使得自信心随之上升。最后通过考试也是水到渠成的事情。在此，笔者衷心希望考生能够“长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海”，并祝愿所有考生顺利通过第二阶段口试考试.更多考试内容请大家关注上海新东方学校口译研究中心随后展开的一系列大型口试考前讲座及相关活动。

№逆光