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544389391@qq.com(云云) — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 03:11:34 GMT

Salt Lake City is a beautiful city in the west of North America, which was founded over a hundred years ago, At that time, a group of men, women and children arrired at a valley with high mountains all around it. They had travelled a long way. They had begun their journey far away in the east. After they had crossed the mountains, they found the valley. In the middle of itt there was a salt lake. This was where their city now lies.
The land seemed good, and they decided to stay there. They built their homes, and made their farms, and palsnted their crops. The people had to work hard on their farms. If they did not grow enough food, they would have nothing to eat.
One day while they were working in the fields, some farmers saw something strange in the sky. " What's that?" asked one of them.
" Where?" asked another farmer, as he stopped to look.
" Over there," he answered.
They saw something coming towards them. It looked like a cloud, but it was too low in the sky. As they watched, it came nearer and nearer. Suddenly a shout went up:" Locusts! Millions of locusts!"
Everyone stopped working, and looked at the sky. They were all frightened, because they knew what, locusts could do. They had never seen so many of them before.
In no time the locusts came down and started eating their crops------the wheat, the regotables, even the grass, and the leaves on the trees.
Everyone-----men, women and children-------tried to fighe against the locusts. They tried everything, but while they were killing locusts in the places, millions more arrired in another. What could they do?
Suddenly they heard a great noise. They looked up into the sky and saw another great cloud coming tonards them. To their surprise, they saw not locusts, but seagulls. The farmers cried out, " They've come to eat what the lotcusts have left!"
But they found that the seagulls had come to eat, not their crops, but the locusts. Usually, the seagulls lived near the sea. But they had seen or smelt the locusts and had come to eat them, Now they were eating the locusts. In a short while they ate up millions of them. The farmers' crops were saved!
The people were very thankful. They decided that from then on no one should ever kill a seagull, And today, if you go to Salt Lake City, you can see a monument with seagulls on top of it.

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544389391@qq.com(云云) — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 03:44:04 GMT

"Be a lady." How many times young Florence had heard these words from her parents! But for her, to be a lady was not enough. She wanted to help other people.
Florence's father was a very rich man. Florence took lessons in music and drawing, and read widely. She could speak several foreign languages, and she travelled a lot with her parents. As a child, Florence Nightingale liked visted sick people and enjoyed helping them. Even when she was travelling in foreign countries, she often visited hospitals. She decided that she was going to be a nurse. But her father said that nursing wasn't the right work for a lady.
" Then I will make it so," she smilled. And she went to learn nursing in France and Germany. When She returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for women. Here she did everything, from washing floors to giring sick people new hope.
In 1854 there was a war. During the was, many soldiers at the front were in great need of medical care. Florence Nightingale went with thirty-----eight nurses to the hospitals near the front.
When she arrived she found things were much worse than she had thought. There was not enough food or medicive. The sick and wounded soldiers had to lie on the floor because there were no beds. Florence used her own money to buy beds, clothes, medicine and food for the neu. Her only pay was the smiles and thanks from the sick and wounded soldiers. They were more than enough for this kind woman.
Florence was weak and ill herself, but she did not stop working. She often worked for twenty----four hours with out rest. Every night, she carried a lamp and walked round the hospital. She wanted to make sure that the soldiers were comfortable. They called her the " Lady with the Lamp".
One of the soldiers wrote:" What a joy it was to see her pass! She would speak to one, and smile to many more. She could not speak to all, you know, there were hundreds of us. But we could kiss her shadow as it fell on the wall."
After the war, Florence returned to England: There the Queen congratulated her on her work. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She got people to give money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London, where young girls were to learn nursing. She also wrote a book about nursing.
Florence Nightingale never warried. On August 13, 1910, she died quietly in her sleep at the age of minety. To this day, we still remember her and the wonderful work the she did.

《The Clever Rooster（公鸡）》

544389391@qq.com(云云) — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 06:00:04 GMT

Four friends were drinking in a village pub. Their jackets were havging on the backs of their chairs. Suddenly one of them, Jack, showed that he had lost one hundred pounds. Fred said he was sure nobody there had stolen the money. Tom suggested that they should all emply their pockets on the table. But the owner of the pub would not let them do that because all money looks the same. Nobody know where to do. Just then, Mike, a traveller, stood up. He said he could help find the money.
" You know how clever some animals are," he said. " I've found out that roosters are good at catching thieves. Let's borrow the pub owner's rooster."
Mike took a big black pot and put it up side down on the table. Then he put the rooster under it. " After I turn off the lights," he said, " you must come up one by one and touch the bottom of the pot with your right hard. When thief does so, the rooster will crow."
The others did not not know whether they should believe him. One by one they went past the table in the dark, the rooster never made a roise.
" I'm afraid it was a waste of time," Fred said when the lights were turned back on.
" I'm not sure it was," Mike said. Then he asked everybody to show his right hard. He looked are each hard in turn, then took Fred's had and said, " Fred, give the money back to Jack."
" You must have made a mistake. The rooster never crowed! I haven't stolen the money," said Fred.
Mike told Fred to look at all the other hards. " They're all black except yours. Can you explan why you didn't dare to touch the pot, Fred?"

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544389391@qq.com(云云) — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 12:45:58 GMT

Jim Green has been in China for more than two years. He has been to many interesting places in Bejing, but he has not yet been to many other parts of China. Last week he went to Mount Emei Sichuan Province with his family.
Many people like to travel by air, but Jim's family think that travelling by train is the best. It is much cheeper and far more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air. They had a wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to Mount Emei by bus.
Early one morning, they took a taxi to Beijing West Railway Station. The station was very lively. There were bookshops, foodshops and stores selling all kinds of things. Mrs Green bought some fruit, food and bottles of water to take on the train. She said that it was better to get some food before they got on the train because food on the train was usually too expersive.
The train was quite comfortable, and there weren't too many people in their sleeping car. The Greens could stand up and walk around. It was a long yourney, but none of them felt tired. They kept watching the beautiful scenery out of the window. They talked, laughed and palyed cards. The conductor kept coming to offer them hot water and selling then magazines. People nearly talked with each other. A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green. Jim though the train was like a big moving party. He went to sleep quite late. He listened to the click of the rails and then fell fast asleep.
when Jim woke up the next morning, the train was already near Chengdu. His train ride seemed really short, but his memory of the pleasant trip will last long.

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544389391@qq.com(云云) — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 07:24:29 GMT

Li Lida, a 12-----year------old schoolboy first tried to cross the Qiongzhou Channel in June, 2000. But he failed after swimming for 12 hours. On May 17, 2001, his 13th birthday, his dream came true. He became the youngest person ever to cross the channel between Hainan Islamd and the mainland.
The boy set off at 6:02 in the morning. He stepped into the South China Sea from a beach in Xuwen, Guangdong. Three men swan together with him. Li was swimming quite fast before 10:30. Then he slowed down as the wind became stranger and the waves higher. During the crossing he ate some food and had several drinks. By 2 p.m. he could see a high building in Haikow. He went on swimming for another two hours before he finished his journey.
A big crowed of people were waiting for him on the beach. Among then were his partnts. They were very pround of their son. His teacher, Mr Feng, spoke highly of his student. " He is not only the pride of our school, but also the pride of all people in Hainan," he said.

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544389391@qq.com(云云) — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 03:25:44 GMT

In 1996, 39 American' children started a very intereting project------the Green Tree Project. The students began the project by gathering walnuts（核桃）in the fall. The muts were buried（埋）in cages in the school garden in mid----November. In this way, the seeds could be kept cool and moist（潮湿） for several months before they started growing. In February, the seeds were dug up, so they could begin to sprout（发芽). Sprouted seeds were kept in fridges, so they could be stopped from growing until the time to plant. This helped keep the trees about the same size at planting time. In March, sprouted seeds were were planted in paper soft drink caps. Each student was asked to plant 12 trees. Then the trees were carefully watered and watched. The first wailnut trees began to appear in about a week. The students found this part of the project very exciting. On April 29th, the trees were transplanted（移植） to the lake. It took them only 90 minutes to palnt all the trees. It was so interesting to see a treeless area turn into forest right before their eyes!

《几何原本》

544389391@qq.com(云云) — Tue, 08 Sep 2009 13:50:34 GMT

我们的前人将只研究图形形状和大小的学科称为几何学。几何学始于巴比伦人和埃及人。相传古埃及尼罗河每年泛滥，河水冲毁耕地，每次泛滥后都需要重新丈量土地，从而推动了几何学的产生与发展。在希腊文和拉丁文中，“几何学（Geometry）”一词的原意是“测量土地”。公元前六百年左右，古希腊开始形成了较为系统的几何学，当时人们作了大量的几何猜想，并用逻辑推理的方法证实了许多发现。在其后的三百年中，用逻辑推理证实数学猜想的方法发展得越来越完善。公元前三百年左右，古希腊数学家欧几里得（Euclid，约公元前300—前275）总结了前人的经验，将前人的成果和自己的发现写成一本叫做“Elements”的书。这是一部经典的数学名著。从印刷技术发明到19世纪末，用各种文学发行的“Elements”已达一千版以内。这是一部划时代的名著，是最早用公理法建立起演绎数学体系的典范。在这部数学名著中，欧几里得从几条当时人们认为的不言而喻的事实（公理）出发，运用逻辑推理的方法，使一个接一个的几何发现（定理）得到证明，如同滚雪球一般，使得在这个体系中精确无误的几何事实越积越多，从而推演了内容丰富多彩的几何学。
在明朝万历年间（1607年），我国科学家徐光启（1562—1633）和意大利传教士利玛窦（M.Rcci,1552-----1610)共同将欧几里得原著的拉丁文本的前6卷翻译成了中文，取名为《几何原本》。徐光启巧妙地将“Geometry”翻译成“几何”，即含有“多少”的意思，又考虑到了“Geo”发音。该名词一直沿用到现在。徐光启的石像至今还伫立在上海徐家汇的光启公园中。
在清朝咸丰年间（1857年），我国数学家李善兰（1811—1882）和英国传教士伟烈亚力（A。Wylie，1815—1887）共同将欧几里得原著的英文本的后9卷翻译成了中文。至此对欧几里得的“Elements”的翻译工作室全部完成。
欧几里得的“Elements”对几何的发展和几何学的教学起了巨大作用。人们为了纪念欧几里得，一直把这种体系的几何学称为欧几里得几何学。

《漫谈收视率》

544389391@qq.com(云云) — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 06:14:31 GMT

在电视越来越成为人们业余生活重头戏的今天，收视率这个词对于我们已不算陌生。商家都希望能在高收视率的电视节目之间插播自己产品的广告，电视台也想通过收视率的调查获取改进的有效信息。
收视率能够给调查者带来哪些信息呢？电视台可以通过调查估计播出的节目有多少观众在看？哪些观众在看？看了多长时间等等，这可以为编排节目提供有价值的参考，而广告主可能更关心哪些电视节目的观众是自己产品的主要销售对象。例如，某个电视节目的观众中少儿占85%，成人只占15%，那么，生产零食的商家肯定比生产洗发水的厂家更希望在这个时段插播自己商品的广告。
虽然收视率有许多利用价值，但调查起来并不是一件简单的工作。如果某地区有6720000户家庭，要调查该地区的收视率，应如何进行？在我们和统计打了不少交道之后，你一定会说，收视率很难通过普查获得，当然抽样调查是更实际的方法。怎样选取一定量的有很好代表性的调查样本？怎样使选取的样本切实配合调查工作？怎样对收视信息进行记录？现行的抽样方法有简单随机抽样、分层抽样、等距抽样等等，抽样方法则有问卷调查，仪器记录、访问员面访、电话访问等多种，收视信息、记录的方法可以用日记法和人员测量仗法等。
随着科学技术的发展和统计方法的完善，各种各样的调查数据越来越多地受到决策者们的青睐，这里介绍的收视率调查只是其中的一种，相信你在学了更多的统计知识之后，也会将数据作为分析决策的重要工具之一。

《比热容》

544389391@qq.com(云云) — Tue, 28 Jul 2009 03:19:21 GMT

不同的物质，在质量相等、温度升高的度数相同时，吸收的热量是不同的。
怎样表示各种物质在这种性质上的差别呢？物理学中引入了比热容这个物理量。单位质量的某种物质，温度升高1摄氏度所吸收的热量叫做这种物质的比热容。比热容用符号C表示，它的单位是焦每千克摄氏度，符号是J/（kg·摄氏度）。
比热容是物质的一种属性，每种物质都有自己的比热容。

《能量转移和能量转化的方向性》

544389391@qq.com(云云) — Wed, 22 Jul 2009 07:30:02 GMT

电影、电视根据剧情的需要，可以通过技术处理使植物生长、花开的次序逆向，但在现实世界中是不可能的。自然界的实际过程是有方向性的。
冬天，火炉把自己的内能传递给房间的空气，供人们取暖；到了春天，能够把这些内能重新收集起来，来年再用吗？显然不能。内能只能自动地从高温物体转移到低温物体，不能相反。否则就会引起其他的变化，消耗别的能。
汽车制动时，由于摩擦，动能转变成了地面、空气的内能，这些能量能够自动地用来再次开动汽车吗？显然不能。这些能量虽然没有消失，但是我们不能利用它。
能量的转化、能量的移动，都是有方向性的。我们是在能量的转化或转移的过程中义勇能量的，因此，不是什么能量都可以利用。能源的利用是有条件的，也是有代价的。有的东西可以成为能源，有的却不能。